A HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) study is a structured risk assessment technique that systematically examines process systems to identify potential hazards and operability problems. The methodology applies guide words such as “no,” “more,” “less,” and “reverse” to process parameters at defined nodes to explore deviations from design intent and their consequences. HAZOP findings drive safeguard verification, design modifications, and procedural recommendations that are tracked to closure before startup.